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Tuesday, 8 September 2026

A Fleet Torn Asunder

As my regular blog readers will know, I have had an abiding interest in the Spainsh Civil War ever since I went to Spain on a package holiday in the 1960s. Over the years, I collected many books on the subject and this led to me writing several sets of Spanish Civil War wargame rules (including íARRIBA ESPAÑA!) and eventually a source book about the war ... LA ULTIMA CRUZADA.

One aspect of the war that is rarely covered is the role of the Republican and Nationalist navies ... and yet, it was much more significant than many people realise because so much of the material used by both sides arrived by sea. If one side had been able to achieve superiority at sea early in the war, they would have been able to strangle their opponent's ability to fight, and the war would have ended almost as soon as it started. As it was, neither side was able to maintain a full blockade of the other's coastline until the end of the wat in April 1939.

Any book that covers the naval aspects of the Spanish Civil War is bound to attract my attention, and when I heard that the doyen of UK naval wargame designers – Professor David Manley - was about to publish one, I looked forward to acquiring a copy. Luckily, he knew that I might be interested and arranged for a copy to be sent to me when it was published.

A FLEET TORN ASUNDER ...

... is split into the following sections:

  1. Introduction
  2. A Fleet Torn Asunder
  3. Spanish Civil War Scenarios
  4. Scenario 1: “The Strait Must Be Crossed” – July–August 1936
  5. Scenario 2: “Cape Espartel” – 29 September 1936
  6. Scenario 3: “The Torpedo in Cartagena” – 22 November 1936
  7. Scenario 4: “The Battle of Cape Machichaco” – 5 March 1937
  8. Scenario 5: “The Deutschland Incident” – 29 May 1937
  9. Scenario 6: “The Neutrality Patrols” – 1937–1938
  10. Scenario 7: “The Final Sortie” – March 1939
  11. Spanish Civil War Campaign System
  12. Orders Of Battle
  13. Fleet Fragmentation Mini-Game
  14. Air Orders Of Battle
  15. Spanish Civil War Ship and Aircraft Data Tables
  16. Active Ports

The first two sections give the reader a brief but very informative explanation of the course of the maritime war, including the actions of the so-called neutrals and the role of air power. The scenarios cover all the major naval actions that took place, and the campaign system is easy to understand and includes an excellent campaign map and the option to include a simple land campaign as well.

The ship and aircraft data tables are designed to be used with David Manley's FIND, FIX AND STRIKE naval wargame rules and cover all the ships and aircraft – including those of Germany, Italy, the USSR, the UK, and France – that one could possibly envisage using!

I thoroughly recommend this book to anyone who has any interest in the naval aspects of the Spanish Civil War. It is worth the price just for the scenarios ... as is the campaign system! If I was grading out of ten, it would get a ten star!


A FLEET TORN ASUNDER was written by Professor David Manley and published in 2026 by Long Face Games. It is available as a watermarked PDF from Wargame Vault and costs £8.00/$10.87.


Writing this review has given me an excuse to republish some photographs of the Navarra, ...

... a World War One-era light cruiser that was extensively modernised in Cadiz and joined the Nationalist fleet just before the end of the Spanish Civil War.

14 comments:

  1. I actually had no idea of naval warfare during the Spanish Civil War. Very interesting Bob.

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    1. Roger,

      The balance between the two sides was very uneven at the start of the war. The Republic had the majority of the active ships ... but very few officers to command them whilst the Nationalists tended to be supported by the remaining officers but had very few ships available to them ... although they were able to rectify this because two heavy cruisers were being built in Ferrol.

      It often forgotten that Franco was originally going to go into the Spanish Naval Academy (his father was a naval officer in the administrative branch) but the destruction of the fleet during the Spanish-American War resulted in the need to completely overhaul and renovate the navy and its personnel, and this took many years. The army was much easier to join and was involved in fighting the Rifs ... so there were much great opportunities for a young officer who was keen to devlop their career.

      All the best,

      Bob

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  2. - Right now in this very second I can see a larger Norwegian fleet entering Oslo for the Late King's funeral tomorrow.

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    Replies
    1. Roger,

      That must be a very impressive sight! I assume that the country is observing a period of mourning until after the funeral.

      All the best,

      Bob

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    2. It's a period of national mourning here now. At the same time the capital is almost locked down to extreme security measures as a many heads of states are attending the funeral.

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    3. Roger,

      Some years ago, I was in Oslo when the Nobel Peace Prize was being awarded … and the centre of the city was under tight security. I was very impressed as it felt very effective, especially when compared with a similar high security event I saw in New York City.

      All the best,

      Bob

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  3. Bob -
    There is always something new to discover! 'Small navy' actions and campaigns can develop in quite interesting ways. I've just had a look (Wiki) at a battle between a squadron of 2 light cruisers and 5 destroyers against 2 heavy and 1 light cruiser. The asymmetry of the forces offer intriguing possibilities, although the night action was no doubt an 'equaliser'!
    Cheers,
    Ion

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    Replies
    1. Archduke Piccolo (Ion),

      One ‘what if’ scenario that might be worth exploring was the unopposed Republican landings in the Balearics that were supported by their single battleship. I’ve wondered several times about what might have happened if the Nationalist had been able to deploy some ships in the area to oppose the landings.

      All the best,

      Bob

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  4. Splendid review, Bob! David Manley’s naval guides are always top-notch, and this sounds like an absolute treasure trove for the Spanish Civil War. The naval side of the conflict is so often overlooked, yet as you say, the supply lines across the sea were the absolute lifeblood for both sides.

    That campaign system and the scenario list sound exceptionally well put together. Lovely photo of Navarra, too!

    All the best, Andy

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    Replies
    1. Andrew Bruce (Andy),

      Anything that David Manly produces is always of excellent quality … and this book is no exception.

      Some of the Armed Merchant Cruisers ranged far and wide, and one action even took place off the coast of East Anglia!

      As for the Navarra … well, I’m hoping to acquire a model of her in due course. Her conversion makes an interesting comparison with that undertake on her near contemporary, HMAS Adelaide.

      All the best,

      Bob

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  5. Excellent! The naval aspects of the SCW are something I'm singularly ignorant about, so a book with actual scenarios in it will be invaluable. I did actually have the entire Spanish navy of The era in 1/6000 scale, but sold that fleet off some time ago.

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    1. There have been a couple of really useful books on the SCW's naval aspects in recent years: Leonard R Heinz's "The fleet that fought itself: the Spanish Navy and the Civil War 1936-1939" (Seaforth, 2025) and Michael Alpert's "The Spanish Civil War at sea: dark and dangerous waters" (Pen & Sword, 2021). No detailed naval history in English for decades, and then two come along within 5 years. Between Spanish, UK, Italian and German archives, there's clearly plenty of useful source material. But unlike the two sides' armies and air forces, no serious numbers of foreign volunteers to the Civil War navies, and it doesn't look (from the books' bibliographies) that there have been many participants' accounts in print, except for some from senior officers.

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    2. Martin Rapier,

      It’s a very little-known naval war that is well worth investigating!

      It’s a pity that you disposed of your collection … but you could always build a new one!

      All the best,

      Bob

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    3. Toby E,

      When I did my research for my SCW sourcebook - LA ULTIMA CRUZADA - finding accurate data about Spanish warships was sometimes es very hit and miss. I did find a couple of Spanish paperbacks which did provide some useful information, but it’s only recently that reliable English-language sources have emerged.

      I already have the second of the two books you mention in your comment … and have the first on order. I’ve yet to read autobiographies of any of the Spanish participants in the naval side of the war … but I live in hope!

      All the best,

      Bob

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