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Thursday, 19 February 2026

The strengths and weaknesses of the Belle Époque armies

A secret report about the various Belle Époque armies has come to light, and an extract follows.


The Commonwealth of Britannia

This army is composed entirely of long-service volunteers and is split into two main parts, the Home Defence Force (which comprises two infantry divisions, a cavalry brigade, and a small number of unattached units) and the Britannic Expeditionary Field Force (which comprises two infantry regiments, a field artillery regiment, and a supply column). The second of these can be supplemented by a Naval Brigade.

This is a small but formidable army, well trained and equipped, and in the case of the Britannic Expeditionary Force (BEFF), it is kept at a high state of readiness.


The Republic of Burgundy

The army is composed of a number of regular units supplemented by a significant number of reserve and militia units. It has three infantry divisions, a cavalry brigade, and several unattached units. One-third of the infantry regiments in each of the infantry divisions are regulars, one-third are reservists, and one-third are militia. The army would therefore require time to mobilise should war break out and would have to rely on its two unattached regular infantry regiments to counter any invaders whilst the mobilisation took place.

Once mobilised, this army would be able to match any other in existence. It is well trained and equipped, and its leadership is second to none.


The Sultanate of Harabia

Although this army looks formidable on paper, two of its three infantry divisions are composed entirely of barely-trained militia (Fowj). The same is true of the army's camel brigade, which is made up of three Fowj camel regiments.

The regular infantry division and cavalry brigade are reasonably well trained and equipped thanks to the recruitment of officers who have served in the Khakistani, Stalbanian, and Zubian armies and purchases of weaponry from major arms manufacturers, but these formations serve mostly in an internal security role.

All-in-all this army could prove to be a formidable opponent to any invading army but would probably prove very fragile if used in a conventional war.


The Principality of Hyderapore

This small army comprises an infantry brigade and a cavalry brigade, but it is entirely professional in nature and trained and equipped by the Commonwealth of Britannia. It is ideally suited to the role of defending Hyderapore from attack and acting as an internal security force.


The Sultanate of Khakistan

This army comprises three infantry divisions and two cavalry brigades as well as a small number of unattached units. However, only one for the infantry divisions and one of the cavalry brigades are made up from full-time regular units whilst two of the infantry divisions and the second cavalry brigade are a mixture of regular and reserve units that are best suited to garrison and home defence duties.

The army is reasonably well equipped, and the regular units are well trained. The reserve units would require further training to get them up to the same standard.

The Khakistanis have a reputation for being stolid in defence and aggressive when attacking. A formidable foe whose potential is often underestimated.


The Emirate of Khyberistan

The army has a small regular element (the capital's garrison that also serves as the Emir's bodyguard) and three tribal groups. The latter might be regarded as militia by more advanced national armies, but they are very experienced in fighting in mountainous areas and are equipped to move and fight in extremely difficult terrain. The warriors of these tribal groups spend their time raiding neighbouring countries or each other's tribal areas.

Although their weaponry is often nearly obsolete, their fighting spirit makes them a formidable foe and as many invaders have discovered to their coast, invading Khyberistan is something to be avoided if at all possible.


The Sultanate of Sahel

The geography and size of the Sultanate of Sahel make any centralised control by the sultan difficult, and in many ways the country can best be viewed as a loose confederation of three tribes, each of which fields a small army. Each of these armies has a unit of regular troops armed with firearms and a number of other poorly-trained units armed with spear and swords. They indulge in inter-tribal warfare and raids into neighbouring countries, not always successfully.

If the tribal armies could combine into a coherent whole, this could be a formidable army to beat due to its sheer size. However, as it tends to operate and fight as separate tribal armies, each with its own objectives, it should be possible for any invader to defeat it piecemeal.


The Kingdom of Schwarzenberg

The army comprises two regular infantry divisions and a regular cavalry brigade, supported by two reserve infantry regiments and two reserve supply columns. It is very well trained and equipped and led by graduates of world-renowned Schwarzenberg Staff College.

The army is kept at a high state of readiness and would be a formidable opponent in a short war. However, its lack of reserves would put it at a disadvantage in a longer war.


The Principality of Stalbania

For many years the Stalbanian Army was a tribal militia, but over recent years it has been transformed into a well-equipped, professional, brigade-sized force.

The Stabanians enjoy a reputation for being tough fighters, especially in difficult terrain.


The Khedivate of Zubia

Like the Khakistanis, the Zubians have a reputation for being stolid fighters, especially in defence. Its army is wholly professional and comprises a Guard Brigade, an infantry division, and a cavalry brigade.

Its main role is defensive, and its troops are mainly deployed to protect its borders from Saheli raids.

Monday, 16 February 2026

A gastronomical illness?

gastro·nom·ical [ˌɡastrəˈnɒmɪ-kal]adjective: relating to the practice of cooking or eating good food


One of the YouTube channels that Sue and I follow are Don Terris's DON'S FAMILY VACATIONS and JUST DON. Don is a Canadian travel agent who specialises in cruises and his videos keep us up-to-date with what is happening in the world of cruising.

One of the endearing things about Don is his use of the word 'gastronomical' ... which he uses in place of 'gastrointestinal' when describing outbreaks of bugs like Norovirus aboard cruise ships.

So, why am I mentioning this today? The answer is simple ... for the past few days Sue and I have been suffering from what Don would describe as a 'gastronomical illness'. It is NOT Norovirus: I contracted that several times during my career in education and know the symptoms only too well. However, whatever it is, it has laid us both low and left us feeling very tired and with muscle and joint pain as well as a headache.

Now, when we were younger, we could sort of shrug this sort of illness off with a good night's sleep and a dose of something like Imodium, but as one ages, one's ability to do things like that diminishes. It also becomes even more important to keep hydrated and to replace any lost electrolytes in order to avoid things like thickening of the blood and therefore an increased risk of a stroke.

In my case, I have to take a number of prescription drugs every day to help me cope with my medical problems, and if I am suffering from a 'gastronomical illness' there is a chance that I might not manage to gain the full benefit of them.

We are beginning to feel somewhat better than we did twenty-four hours ago, and with luck it will turn out to have been no more than a forty-eight hour bug ... and that by the time you read this, we will be back on our feet and working on decluttering our house.

Sunday, 15 February 2026

Some more character images for my Belle Époque project

When I used ChatGPT to create my recent batch of AI-generated images of characters for my Belle Époque project, I forgot to include two images ... but I have now made good that shortfall.

The Sultan of Harabia.
The Prince of Stalbania.

Saturday, 14 February 2026

Battle Maps for Miniature Wargames by Henry Hyde

Henry Hyde has a well-deserved reputation for the maps he has produced for the magazines he edited (BATTLEGAMES and MINIATURE WARGAMES WITH BATTLEGAMES) as well as for other publications such as the Spanish Civil War supplement for the BLITZKRIEG COMMANDER. He has now brought fifty-two of these maps together into a single volume under the title BATTLE MAPS FOR MINIATURE WARGAMES.

The book is split into the following sections:

  • Map Index
  • Introduction
  • The Maps and Notes
    1. Threeman's Farm: WWII
    2. Chamla Valley
    3. Save Lady Jane from McSiggins
    4. Can I be your Condottiere?
    5. Trapped in the Birdcage, Salonika 1915-17
    6. Getting Away With It
    7. Bridgehead Breakout
    8. Wildfire in the Wilderness
    9. Twixt Crescent and Cross
    10. Plattville Valley brought up to date
    11. Fighting Withdrawal
    12. Night Raid on Gravelines
    13. Salamanca's Siren Call
    14. Opening Hell's Highway
    15. A Dashing Rescue
    16. Granddad's Battle, Lingevres 1944
    17. Apocryphal Well Revisited
    18. The Bridges at Monocacy
    19. Paddling in the Piave
    20. Problems in the Peloponnese
    21. By Any Means
    22. Diamonds Are Forever
    23. Yakhroma 1941
    24. Wilson's Creek 1861
    25. Mongol Campaign in Syria: Ayn Jalut 1260
    26. Muster Mayhem
    27. Arsuf 1191
    28. The Blue Danube
    29. Command Challenge: Matatitze
    30. Manzikert 1071
    31. At the Sharp End
    32. The Well of Tarka
    33. The Next River!
    34. The Defence of Twin Peaks
    35. Stop Thief!
    36. Seven Years in Silesia
    37. Hold the Line! Defence in Depth (Pitzer's Ridge 1777)
    38. Insurgency
    39. The Assault on the Aragon Front
    40. The Fight in the North - Gipuzkoa
    41. Pontoon
    42. Wildfire in The Wilderness (2)
    43. A River Crossing Mini-Campaign
    44. Battle of the Caucasus Mountains 1221
    45. Twixt Crescent and Cross (2)
    46. Escaping Cromwell
    47. Variations on a Theme of Teugn-Hausen
    48. The Package
    49. Turning the Flank
    50. Win More Wargames 3: a Tougher Nut to Crack
    51. Command Challenge: Three Fords, Three Ways
    52. 6mm and the Bigger Picture
  • Using the Maps for Simple Campaigns
  • About the Author, His Books and Patreon
  • Acknowledgements

You will note that two of the maps featured on the list have the same name. This is not a mistake as one map is drawn to show a larger area than the other. This means that one map is ideal for a larger battle and the other is ideal for something closer to a skirmish. For example, 9 is a map of the centre of a town whereas 45 shows the terrain on the approaches to a castle.

It is interesting to note that the maps can be used together to form a large campaign map, and in the section about using maps for simple campaigns, Henry gives an example where thirteen of the maps (18, 20, 19, 49, 46, 43, 51, 10, 24, 36, 15, 4, and 29) fit together to create a campaign map.

As someone who is often looking for suitable maps for wargames, this book is a great resource, and I can see loads of wargamers wanting to add it to their bookshelves. I took it to my local gaming club, and everyone who looked at this book wanted more details about where they could get a copy.


BATTLE MAPS FOR MINIATURE WARGAMES​ was created by Henry Hyde and published by Gladius Publications in 2026 (ISBN 979 8 2446 9883 1). The paperback edition can be purchased from Amazon for £22.50 and a PDF edition can be purchased from Wargame Vault for £15.00. Purchasers can also buy a PDF of just the maps (and Henry's other books) from payhip.com/gladiuspublications.


I ordered my copy of this book before I discovered that Henry Hyde had actually dedicated this book to me! This is both very humbling and slightly embarrassing ... but as I found out on my 76th birthday, it was also a wonderful and totally unexpected present!

Friday, 13 February 2026

Irregular Miniatures

I recently ordered some figures from Irregular Miniatures to fill a hole in my Belle Époque project … but managed to miss the announcement that Ian Kay is retiring after forty-five years supplying a huge range of figures in scales from 2mm to 54mm.

Ian Kay's announcement of his retirement.

I wish him a long and enjoyable retirement: he and his family certainly deserve it. They have been one of my ‘go to’ figure suppliers, and their Really Useful Gun range has been an outstanding resource for those of us who wargame with 15mm and 20mm figures and equipment. But where Irregular Miniatures really scored over the other figure suppliers was the rapid turnaround of orders. I once placed an order early on Monday morning … and the figures arrived on Tuesday! Now that is outstanding service!

I hope that someone will buy Irregular Miniatures as a going concern … and that the sale provides Ian with a sizeable nest egg for his retirement.


Best wishes, Ian. May you have a long, happy, and healthy retirement!

Thursday, 12 February 2026

A big sort out and rationalisation

Things are likely to be a bit a hectic for Sue and I for the foreseeable future. After giving it much thought, we have decided NOT to move house, mainly because we cannot find one that is suitable in the local area for adaptation to my accessibility needs, but also because the cost of moving house (e.g. having a survey done, paying estate agent’s fees for selling our existing house, hiring movers, and paying the Stamp Duty on our new home) is estimated to be around £50,000!

As a result, we have made the decision to declutter our home. In other words, have a big sort out and rationalisation of our current house’s contents and to dispose of stuff that we haven’t used for some time and/or are not likely to use in the future. This is going to be quite some task and I suspect that my wargaming and blogging are going to be affected until we have finished. I’ll try to fit some in as and when I can … if only to give me some sort of break from sorting and visiting the local charity shops and tip!

Wednesday, 11 February 2026

A few more additions to my Belle Époque collection

In a recent blog post I mentioned that I had several figures in naval uniform, a pack mule, and a model of a Nordenfelt gun in my box of Belle Époque-related bits and pieces, and I have now renovated, varnished, and based them.

They have now been added to the naval brigade of the Commonwealth of Britannia ... which on paper, now looks like this:

  • Naval Brigade
    • 1st Marine Infantry Regiment
    • 1st Naval Infantry Regiment
    • Naval Machine Gun Battalion
    • Naval Field Artillery Regiment
    • Naval Supply Column
    • Total bases = 7; Total SPs = 21 SPs

Tuesday, 10 February 2026

I have been to ... Potters Five Lakes Resort, Tolleshunt D'Arcy, Essex

In a recent blog post, I mentioned that I had spent a weekend at an all-inclusive holiday resort near Tolleshunt D'Arcy in Essex. It was actually one of two resorts run by Potters Resorts, the other being located at Hopton-on-Sea, Norfolk.

Sue and I stayed in the newest of the two, Potters Five Lakes Resort. It had been built in 1974 as the Manifold Golf Club, and extended in 1995 by the addition of a 114-room hotel as well as a new golf course and spa. It was also renamed Five Lakes Resort and was subsequently bought by Potters Resorts in 2021.

Our room was on the second floor of the main building and was easily as good – if not better – than many of the cabins we have stayed in on cruise ships .... but with much more space! (It was about 200% bigger than a balcony cabin on most cruise ships.) The food was excellent – and there was lots of it – and the entertainment was certainly on a par with what we have seen on a cruise. In fact, Sue and I agreed that staying at Five Lakes was like being on a cruise ship that didn't move.

There are a large range of activities available for patrons to experience. Anyone who wanted to play golf did have to pay a reduced green fee but almost everything else was free. This included rally karts, virtual reality headsets, boating, badminton, tennis, pickleball, table tennis, indoor curling, shuffleboard, laser clay pigeon shooting, air rifle shooting, archery, a 9-hole par-3 golf course, bowls, disc golf, snooker, pool, darts, and board games. There is also an onsite fully-equipped gym and a spa where you can get massages or use the sauna or steam room.


It is interesting to note that the company that is now Potters Resorts was set up in 1920 by Herbert Potter, a solicitor's clerk. He used money that he had won in a competition run by the long-defunct SUNDAY CHRONICLE newspaper to buy land in Hemsby (which is eight miles north of Great Yarmouth in Norfolk) where he set up the first permanent holiday camp in the United Kingdom with hutted accommodation. This proved to be very popular, and in 1924 it was moved to Hopton-on-Sea, six miles to the south of Great Yarmouth. It moved to a site closer to the seaside in 1933, and that remains the location of the company's headquarters and the site of its other resort.


It is often thought that Sir Billy Butlin built the first UK holiday camp with permanent buildings at Skegness, Lincolnshire, in 1936, but this is untrue. For example, Harry Warner had opened his first holiday camp at Hayling Island, Hampshire, in 1931, and by the start of the Second World War he had opened three more. During the Second World War, many of the holiday camps were taken over by the government for use as training or rest camps for military personnel.

Monday, 9 February 2026

Some character images for my Belle Époque project: Messing around with ChatGPT

Over the past weekend, Sue and I spent several days staying in an all-inclusive holiday resort near Tolleshunt D'Arcy in Essex. This gave me lots of time to just sit, read, and rest ... and to play around with ChatGPT's image creation facility.

I decided to see if I could create a number of character images for my Belle Époque project. My fists step was to take a photograph of myself using my iPad and then upload it to ChatGPT.

The original photograph used to generate the following images.

Once that was done I asked it to create the following images:

A General of the Commonwealth of Britannia's army.
The President-General of Burgundy.
The Prince of Hyderapore.
The Sultan of Khakistan.
The Emir of Khyberistan.
The Sultan of Sahel.
The King of Schwarzenberg.
The Khedive of Zubia.
The King of the Obele.

One thing that I did learn was the the more specific one is when giving ChatGPT instructions, the better the resultant image is. All of the above are based on the same photograph and yet the end results are – in some cases – startling different from what I might have expected. Look carefully, and you can see me in each of the images, but in some cases you have to look very hard indeed!

Sunday, 8 February 2026

Some Belle Époque torpedo launches?

Whilst sorting through my box of Belle Époque-related bits and pieces I found two torpedo launches that I built many years ago for a long-forgotten project. They look like this ...

... and were built from some 1:87th-scale ship's lifeboats, some Plasticard sheet and girders, some spare funnels from the old Airfix model of HMS Iron Duke, and some bits and pieces from my large spares box. All they need is a coat of paint and then they can become part of one (or more) of my Belle Époque navies.

The torpedoes for these launches – which I have mislaid/lost – were made from aircraft drop tanks which looked similar to early Whitehead torpedoes.

A Whitehead torpedo on display at the Naval Museum in La Spezia, Italy.